Kala azar (visceral leishmaniasis)

 Kala azar (visceral leishmaniasis) 

💥Agent - Leishmania donovani

💥Vector - Sand fly

💥Incubation period - 1 to 4 months

💥Clinical features 

▪️Fever

▪️Splenomegaly

▪️Hepatomegaly 

▪️Anaemia 

▪️Weight loss

▪️Darkening of skin of the face, hands, feet and abdomen is common in India (Kala azar = Black sickness) 

💥Diagnosis 

1) Rapid diagnostic test - rk39

2) Demonstration of the parasite 

LD bodies

3) Aldehyde test of Napier

4) Serological tests 

5) Montenegro test - skin reaction 

💥Treatment - Lipososomal amphotericin B (10mg/kg IV single dose) 

Others - Miltefosine, Paramomycin

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