♨️Mitochondria♨️
(1) Definition: (Gk – mito = thread ; chondrion = granule) Mitochondria are semi autonomous having hollow sac like structures present in all eukaryotes except mature RBCs of mammals and sieve tubes of phloem.
(2) These are absent in all prokaryotes like bacteria and cyanobacteria.
(3) Mitochondria are also called chondriosome, chondrioplast, plasmosomes, plastosomes and plastochondriane.
Plastids
(1) Definition: Plastids are semiautonomous organelles having DNA, RNA, Ribosomes and double membrane envelope which store or synthesize various types of organic compounds as ATP and NADPH + H+ etc.
(2) These are largest cell organelles in plant cell.
(3) History: Haeckel (1865) discovered plastid, but the term was first time used by Schimper (1883).
⭕️Endoplasmic Reticulum⭕️
(1) Definition: It is well developed electron microscopic network of interconnected cisternae, tubules and vesicles present throughout the cytoplasm, especially in the endoplasm.
(2) Discovery: Garnier (1897) was first to observe the ergastoplasm in a cell. The ER was first noted by Porter, Claude, and Fullman in 1945 as a network. It was named by Porter in 1953.
Golgi Complex
(1) Definition: Golgi complex is made up of various membranous system e.g. cisternae, vesicles and vacuoles.
(2) These are also called golgi bodies, golgisomes, lipochondrion, dictyosomes, Dalton complex, idiosomes or Baker’s body.
(3) These are also called “traffic police” of the cell.
(4) Discovery: First observed by George (1867) but it’s morphological details were given by Camillo Golgi (1898), in nerve cells of barn fowl and cat .
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