Top Cardiovascular Drugs by DC💝
📌Examples of heart disorders
🔸Hypertension (high blood pressure)
🔸Angina pectoris (chest pain resulting from inadequate blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle)
🔸Heart failure (inadequate output of the heart muscle in relation to the needs of the rest of the body)
🔸Arrhythmias (disturbances of cardiac rhythm).
Common categories & mechanisms of CVS Drugs
📌ACE Inhibitors
ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) Inhibitors are antihypertensive medications. the hypotensive effect of ACE inhibitors are due to
🔸Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
🔸Inhibits the degradation of bradykinin
📌Calcium Channel Blocker
Calcium channel blockers, also called calcium antagonists, prevent calcium from entering cells of the heart and blood vessel walls.
This is resulting in reducing electrical conduction within the heart, decrease the force of contraction of the muscle cells.
In addition to dilating arteries. As a result, the blood vessels relax and the heart muscle receives more oxygenated blood.
Uses of calcium channel blockers
to prevent, treat or improve symptoms in a variety of conditions, such as:
🔸High blood pressure
🔸Coronary artery disease
🔸Chest pain (angina)
🔸Irregular heartbeats (arrhythmia)
🔸Some circulatory conditions, such as
🔸Raynaud’s disease
There are 3 classes of CCBs
🔸Dihydropyridines
🔸Phenylalkylamines
🔸benzothiazepines
📌Beta blocker
🔸Beta blockers, also known as beta-adrenergic blocking agents, are a class of drugs that works by blocking the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine from binding to receptors.
🔸When the neurotransmitters are prevented from binding to the receptors, it in turn causes the effects of adrenaline (epinephrine) to be blocked. This action allows the heart to relax and beat more slowly thereby reducing the amount of blood that the heart must pump. Over time, this action improves the pumping mechanism of the heart.
Uses for beta blockers
There are several types of beta blocker, and each one has its own characteristics. They can be used to prevent, treat or improve symptoms in a variety of conditions, such as:
🔸High blood pressure
🔸Irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia)
🔸Heart failure
🔸Chest pain (angina)
🔸Heart attacks
🔸Migraine
🔸Certain types of tremors
an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)
anxiety conditions
glaucoma – as eye drops
📌Diuretic
🔸Diuretic drugs increase urine output by the kidney (i.e., promote diuresis).
🔸Most diuretics produce diuresis by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium at different segments of the renal tubular system.
🔸That helps to relieve the heart’s workload and decreases the buildup of fluid in the lungs and other parts of the body, such as the ankles and legs.
🔸There are three types of diuretics: thiazide, loop and potassium-sparing.
🔸Each type affects a different part of kidneys and may have different uses, side effects and precautions
📌Alpha-2-agonist
🔸They are a class of sympathomimetic agents that selectively stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors.
🔸The alpha-adrenergic receptor has two subclasses α1 and α2. Alpha 2 receptors are associated with sympatholytic properties.
In addition, α Adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of alpha blockers.
🔸The activation of α2 inhibits the enzyme adenylate cyclase.
🔸Inactivation of adenylate cyclase in turn leads to the inactivation of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate and induces smooth muscle and blood vessel constriction
📌Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)
🔸Block the action of angiotensin II by preventing angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptors on the muscles surrounding blood vessels.
As a result, blood vessels enlarge (dilate) and blood pressure is reduced.
📌Vasodilator
🔸Relax the smooth muscle in blood vessels, which causes the vessels to dilate.
🔸Dilation of arterial (resistance) vessels leads to a reduction in systemic vascular resistance, which leads to a fall in arterial blood pressure.
📌Alpha-1-Blocker
🔸They work by keeping the hormone norepinephrine from tightening the muscles in the walls of arteries and veins.
This causes the vessels to remain open and relaxed and so improves blood flow and lowers blood pressure.
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