HORMONES & THEIR FUNCTIONS

 ⟨⟨HORMONES & THEIR FUNCTIONS ⟩⟩

1. Growth hormone (GH) Or somatotropic hormone (STH)

Function ~ stimulates growth by stimulating protein synthesis.

2. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Function ~ stimulates thyroid secretion.

3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Function ~ stimulates the production of of steroids by adrenal cortex.

4. Gonadotropic hormones 

(i) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Function ~ stimulates gamate, production, secration of sex hormones, development of follicles.

(ii) interstitial cell stimulating hormone ( ICSH) or luteinising  hormone (LH)

Function ~ stimulates the leydig cells of testis and induces secretion of testosterone. stimulates development of Corpus luteum and ovulation in female.

5. Luteotropic hormone ( LTH) or prolactin

Function ~ stimulates the growth of mammary glands, lactation and maintenance of Corpus luteum.

6. Melanocyte stimulating hormone

Function ~ controls dispersal of melanophores , in man it is doubtful.

7. Oxytocin

Function ~ stimulates secretion of milk from mammary glands ; causes contraction of uterus at the time of child birth.

8. Antidiuretic hormone or ADH (vasopressin)

Function ~ stimulates the nephrons for reabsorption of water.

Stimulates contraction of smooth muscles , blood vessels and causes rise in blood pressure.

9. Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

Function ~ control metabolism , regulate body temperature by calorigenic action.

10. Thyrocalcitonin (TCT)

Function ~ controls calcium (Ca++) level in blood , Check osteoporosis .

11. Parathormone 

Function ~ maintains proper level of calcium and phosphorus by regulating renal action , thus , controlling calcium and phosphate amount in bones.

12. Insulin (from β cells) 

Function ~ stimulates metabolism of carbohydrates. Influences the storage and utilization of sugar , inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis stimulates glycogenesis.

13. Glucagon (from α cell)

Function ~ influences the enzymatic action of phosphorylase , controlling glycogenolysis in tha liver and muscles ; increases the amount of sugar in blood.

Antagonistic to insulin , inhibits glycogenesis.

14. Somatostatin(ss) 

Function ~ suppresses the release of hormones from the pancrease and digestive track.

15. Pancreatic polypeptide 

Function ~ inhibits the release of digestive secretion of the pancrease.

16. Adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)

Function ~ Regulates heart beat , blood pressure , sympathetic nervous system , contraction of involuntary muscles of lung , eyes , gut etc. , Production of blood , flow of saliva and sweat under emotional state.

17. Adrenocorticoids 

Function ~ regulate water and electrolyte balance, regulate fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism; stimulate development of male and female secondary sexual characters.

18. Testosterone (leydig's cells)

Function ~ affects the normal development and functions of secondary sexual organs and characters in male.

~ stimulate formation of sperms.

19. Estrogen (graafian follicles )

Function ~ Affects development and maintenance of secondary sexual characters in female.

~ stimulate maturation of ova.

20. Progesterone ( ovary and Corpus luteum )

Function ~ stimulates uterus for pregnancy, implantation and formation of placenta, also stimulates mammary glands.

21. Relaxin ( Corpus luteum ) 

Function ~ relaxes ligaments of pelvic girdle at the time of birth.

22. Human chorionic gonadotropin or  HCG (placenta)

Function ~ pravints disintegration of the Corpus luteum and maintains progesterone  production.

23. Serotonin

Function ~ Helps in vasoconstriction of blood vessels.

24. Melatonin

Function ~ Reduces quantity of FSH and LH, Acts as anti gonadotropic hormone.

25. Thymosin

Function ~ regulates growth, stimulates proliferation of lymphocytes and also hastens sexual maturity.